2026

THUS eNDED hISTORY:

Adam Smith’s Moral Authority (Daniel Klein, 3/09/26, Law & Liberty)

Shortly after The Wealth of Nations appeared, the rate of economic growth and living standards in the Western world shot up dramatically. In charts of per capita wealth or GDP, spanning hundreds of years, we see a long history of flatness and then a striking acceleration beginning around the time of Smith’s death, as though his work caused the change. Economist Deirdre McCloskey calls it “The Great Enrichment.” The shape of the curve has been called “the hockey stick,” with the blade of the hockey stick representing the past 250 years of remarkable enrichment. […]

First, Smith taught that when someone honestly pursues income, his activity most likely contributes to the good of society. Thus, Smith morally authorized the pursuit of honest income. Smith told people, in effect, that when you get up early and work hard in the quest for honest income, God approves. The same notion was rising in sermons of clerics and in other writers, but The Wealth of Nations expounded the notion in a remarkably impressive and even imposing way.

You are morally authorized to take care of your part of society because that is where your efforts are most effective in advancing the good of the whole.

Smith’s book of 1776 taught that, in pursuing honest income, you are not only innocent but even presumptively virtuous. The moral authorization of the pursuit of honest income lent vigor to economic life. Not only did people get up early and work hard in their calling, but it also invigorated innovation. One way to earn an honest income is to come up with new goods and services, and new ways of producing goods and services. Because honest income was morally authorized, people were emboldened to step out of traditional occupational grooves, to innovate in whatever way, provided that it was honest.

By giving the green light to honest income, Smith invigorated innovation, and that is essential for The Great Enrichment.

The second great moral authorization was directed to the policymakers. Smith morally authorized them to support policies that allow people to pursue honest income.

Smith morally authorized a presumption in favor of “allowing every man to pursue his own interest his own way.” That would mean not restricting ownership rights and the freedom of association or contract. It would mean liberalizing restrictions.

THE CULTURE WARS ARE A ROUT:

King Kong Died for Our Sins: Why Unexpected Christ Figures Matter (Mike Schramm, 3/11/26, Christ & Culture)

No, Kong was not the heroic Christ figure one expected, but that is what made him a thought-provoking one.

Fiction—whether in novel, TV, or movie form—is filled with similarly unexpected, almost scandalous, Christ figures. Fans of Breaking Bad may have noticed Walter White’s cruciform pose that followed the death that saved his downtrodden former partner. While the bear-man Beorn from The Hobbit fights for good in the end, his chaotic unpredictability coupled with his hypostatic union of bear and human natures point to Christ’s unpredictable actions throughout the Gospels.

One final example from fiction I remember: Having to write a paper on One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest in high school, I was struck by one prompt proposing Randall McMurphy as a Christ figure. He is an outsider to the mental health facility who operates beyond the level of the inhabitants. He continually upends the status quo and frustrates the established authorities. He seeks to emotionally free the imprisoned and it is his death that contextualizes Chief Bromden’s escape (being the narrator, he is also a stand-in for us, so it is our freedom that is instantiated too).

One would like to think we were the prompt.

ECONOMICS TRUMPS IDEOLOGY:

The ‘Big Beautiful Cook Inlet’ lease sale gets no bids for drilling (Rebecca Palsha, Mar. 4, 2026, KTUU)

The “Big Beautiful Cook Inlet” oil and gas lease sale received no bids for drilling, according to the federal government.

Up for grabs was more than one million acres off Alaska’s Cook Inlet.

In an online statement, the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management wrote about the “Big Beautiful Cook Inlet” that “No bids were received.”

Environmental groups responded to the news with applause.

STAGNATION IS A CHOICE:


Why Europe doesn’t have a Tesla (Pieter Garicano, 17th February 2026, Works in Progress)


Europe’s cutting edge firms are falling far behind the American frontier because of restrictive labor laws.
In recent decades, Europe has fallen behind the United States. In 2000, incomes in the original six members of the European Union were just 10 percent behind Americans. Today, they are 20 percent lower. One factor behind this has been the lack of innovation in European business. To a striking extent, Europe lacks tech giants like Google, Meta and Amazon. But even in industries in which it has traditionally excelled, like carmaking, Europe has failed to keep up. Tesla is now worth more than the next nine largest carmakers in the world put together. Six American cities are now served by robotaxis made by Waymo. Understanding why Europe doesn’t have Google is important. Understanding why it doesn’t have a Tesla is existential.

There are many partial explanations: high energy prices, expensive housing, excessive proceduralism, high taxes, extractive interest groups, and politicians with a penchant for degrowth. But all of these problems are true of California as well, which is nonetheless home to Waymo and birthed Tesla before it moved its headquarters to Texas in 2021. Explanations often blame Europe’s lack of research spending, but governments spend more on research in Europe than in America. And just seven companies globally – Google, Apple, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Samsung, and Huawei – spend more on research each year than Volkswagen.


What really sets Europe apart from states like California is different. Relative to income, it costs large companies four times more to lay off Germans and French than American workers, a difference arising entirely from different regulatory approaches. As a result, it virtually never happens: Americans are ten times more likely to be fired than Germans in any given year. In this respect, the European economy differs greatly from the American one. By American standards, a European business has to be exceptionally confident that it will want an employee for a long time before hiring them.

THE INTENT WAS GENOCIDAL:

Paul Ehrlich Helped Create Roe v. Wade: Justice Blackmun echoed the Population Bomb’s concerns about “population growth,” and Ehrlich thought Roe supported “compulsory abortion.” (Josh Blackman, 3.17.2026, reason)

Justice Ginsburg spoke to those concerns in a 2009 interview:

Frankly I had thought that at the time Roe was decided, there was concern about population growth and particularly growth in populations that we don’t want to have too many of. So that Roe was going to be then set up for Medicaid funding for abortion. Which some people felt would risk coercing women into having abortions when they didn’t really want them. But when the court decided McRae, the case came out the other way. And then I realized that my perception of it had been altogether wrong.

Justice Ginsburg was quite right about how Ehrlich and others viewed abortion. […]

In Ecoscience, published in 1977, Ehrlich invoked Roe to argue that the federal government could impose “compulsory abortion” to reduce the population:

Page 837: To date, there has been no serious attempt in Western countries to use laws to control excessive population growth, although there exists ample authority under which population growth could be regulated. For example, under the United States Constitution, effective population-control programs could be enacted under the clauses that empower Congress to appropriate funds to provide for the general welfare and to regulate commerce, or under the equal-protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Such laws constitutionally could be very broad. Indeed, it has been concluded that compulsory population-control laws, even including laws requiring compulsory abortion, could be sustained under the existing Constitution if the population crisis became sufficiently severe to endanger the society.

Never forget that Roe v. Wade favorably cited Buck v. Bell…

Too many of “them”

NO OBSERVER, NO REALITY:

‘In Search of Now’ Review: Blurring Forever and a Day: Our understanding of time as a one-directional flow of moments is central to how we perceive the world. It may also be an illusion. (Andrew Crumey, March 13, 2026, WSJ)

Do we simply model reality, or could it be that our mental models are reality? For many researchers this is a step too far, but it links back to physics. A paradox of quantum mechanics, known as Schrödinger’s cat, concerns a box in a laboratory containing a cat and a radioactive sample. Theory suggests that the cat should remain a mixture of two potential outcomes—alive and dead—until someone opens the box. What about another person outside the lab? From their perspective, is there a mixture of happy researcher inside holding a live cat and a sad one with a corpse?

One answer comes from Qbism (pronounced “cubism”). Short for quantum Bayesianism, it involves the same kind of probabilistic inferences that brain researchers are interested in. Qbists think the universe is a matter of perspective even at the most fundamental level; there is no single, objective moment when the cat’s fate is determined everywhere.

We are all designist.

COMIC GOLD:

Is This Cuddly, Big-Eared Rascal Leading Russia to Ruin?: Instead of obsessing over the fictional Cheburashka, Russians should be focused on more important things like the rebirth of a Russian empire, influential conservatives say. (Alexander Nazaryan, March 16, 2026, NY Times)

The standard-bearer of the anti-Cheburashka crusade has been Aleksandr G. Dugin, an influential political theorist with ties to the Kremlin who envisions Russia embracing Orthodox Christianity and regaining influence over parts of Eastern Europe and Asia. Mr. Dugin’s religious nationalism has found traction in the West, and he has been interviewed by Tucker Carlson and the conspiracy theorist Alex Jones.

His pronouncements have become strikingly apocalyptic since his daughter, Daria, died in 2022 in a car bombing that U.S. intelligence agencies believe was directed by Ukraine.


Shortly after “Cheburashka 2” premiered, Mr. Dugin took to Telegram, where he offered a blunt assessment. If Russia were to continue its “unhealthy” obsession with Cheburashka, he warned, “God will surely curse us.” Mr. Dugin was more explicit in a subsequent radio interview with the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda, blaming Cheburashka for destroying the Soviet Union. (Mainstream historians generally point to other reasons.)

THE IDEA OF THE wEST IS UNIVERSALISM:

The West is an idea: There has never been a single concept of the West, which helps explain its potency as an idea. (Jeremy Jennings, 3/12/26, Englesberg Ideas)

Some of these criticisms of the West might well be justified but, in Varouxakis’ view, the call for the wholesale demolition of western civilisation risks throwing the baby out with the bathwater. A better approach, he suggests, is for us to cease referring to the institutions and ideas we hold dear as ‘western’ and to begin referring to them by universal names. ‘They deserve’, he writes, ‘to be adopted not because they are “Western” but rather because they are freedom-promoting, fair, equitable, conducive to justice, peace-promoting, happiness-enhancing, and so on.’ The classic texts of Greek and Roman literature, he holds, ‘constitute an inheritance for the whole of humanity’.

JUST BUSINESS:

IN SEARCH OF BANKSY: The British street artist’s identity has been debated, and closely guarded, for decades. A quest to solve the riddle took Reuters from a bombed-out Ukrainian village to London and downtown Manhattan — and uncovered much more than a name. (SIMON GARDNER, JAMES PEARSON AND BLAKE MORRISON, March 13, 2026, Reuters)

Reuters took into account Banksy’s privacy claims – and the fact that many of his fans wish for him to remain anonymous. Yet we concluded that the public has a deep interest in understanding the identity and career of a figure with his profound and enduring influence on culture, the art industry and international political discourse. In so doing, we applied the same principle Reuters uses everywhere. The people and institutions who seek to shape social and political discourse are subject to scrutiny, accountability, and, sometimes, unmasking. Banksy’s anonymity – a deliberate, public-facing, and profitable feature of his work – has enabled him to operate without such transparency.

As for the risk he might face of retaliation or censorship, Britain’s legal and political establishments seem comfortable with Banksy’s messages and how he delivers them.

On September 7, for example, he stenciled a provocative piece on the exterior wall of London’s Royal Courts of Justice, a historically protected building. It depicted a judge in wig and robes bashing an unarmed protester with a gavel. Two months earlier, the government had designated the pro-Palestinian group Palestine Action as a terrorist organization. The day before the painting appeared, about 900 people were arrested at protests against the ban.


Stephens didn’t reply to a question about whether the mural was tied to that crackdown. In any event, Banksy’s painted protest against British justice appears to have gotten a pass so far.

Under local laws, graffiti is a crime, with penalties ranging from fines and community service to (rarely) jail time. The day after the mural went up, London’s Metropolitan Police said it was investigating “a report of criminal damage” to the building. An investigation remains under way, the Ministry of Justice said. The mural was power-washed off the wall, leaving behind a shadow of the image. In response to a Freedom of Information Act request, the ministry said that as of December, the government had spent £23,690 removing the piece. The work continues, it said: Next, specialist contractors will use laser equipment on the stain.

The justice ministry declined to say whether Banksy was penalized or paid compensation. Stephens had no comment.

Some artists have questioned if Banksy, once considered anti-establishment, now enjoys special treatment from Britain’s powers that be. In 2014, Vice Media asked: “Why Is Banksy the Only Person Allowed to Vandalize Britain’s Walls?” The story quoted David Speed, a street artist who ran a British graffiti collective. “It’s very much one rule for him and another rule for everyone else,” Speed told Vice. “When street artists do it, it’s vandalism. When Banksy does it, it’s an art piece.”

Contacted by Reuters, Speed praised Banksy as “a really important artist of modern times.” Yet he still wonders why “one artist should be able to have carte blanche and everyone else would be subject to penalties.”

“Is he above the law?” Speed said. “The evidence would suggest that he is.”

Some experts believe Banksy’s ability to use the world as his canvas is money in the bank. One analyst, MyArtBroker, observed that the Royal Courts of Justice mural helped bolster Banksy’s market value.

Although such public pieces “cannot be monetised directly, they maintain visibility and authorship – qualities that keep collector confidence high and demand active,” art investment site MyArtBroker wrote in a report on the 2025 market for Banksy’s work. Banksy’s “street interventions,” it said, help prop up demand and prices for his art as a whole. One Banksy piece was sold by Sotheby’s for £4.2 million ($5.7 million) last year, the report noted.

Banksy lawyer Stephens didn’t answer questions about whether Banksy has been penalized for his exploits. But he noted that some owners are happy when he paints on their buildings. “It appears that if people find a Banksy added to their wall, most of them call Sotheby’s rather than the police,” he wrote. “The question of where the artist’s work sits in the legal landscape is an interesting one, and I’m as bemused as anyone else.”

This is the story of the art, commerce and paradox of Banksy, arguably the most famous anonymous man in the world. The journey to understand him began in Ukraine and took us to a billboard in New York’s Meatpacking District, and the walls and auction houses of London.

aBOVE aVERAGE IS OVER:

Coding After Coders: The End of Computer Programming as We Know It (Clive Thompson, March 12, 2026, NY Times Magazine)

For decades, coding was considered such wizardry that if you were halfway competent you could expect to enjoy lifetime employment. If you were exceptional at it (and lucky), you got rich. Silicon Valley panjandrums spent the 2010s lecturing American workers in dying industries that they needed to “learn to code.”

Now coding itself is being automated. To outsiders, what programmers are facing can seem richly deserved, and even funny: American white-collar workers have long fretted that Silicon Valley might one day use A.I. to automate their jobs, but look who got hit first! Indeed, coding is perhaps the first form of very expensive industrialized human labor that A.I. can actually replace. A.I.-generated videos look janky, artificial photos surreal; law briefs can be riddled with career-ending howlers. But A.I.-generated code? If it passes its tests and works, it’s worth as much as what humans get paid $200,000 or more a year to compose.

It’s impossible to overstate deflationary pressures.