October 3, 2005
IDEAS ARE THE COMMODIITY WE CARE ABOUT:
Do you call that an empire?: a review of Imperial Grunts by Robert Kaplan (Spengler , 10/04/05, Asia Times)
Fine journalist that he is, Kaplan faithfully records the boredom and frustration of American forces abroad, and has brought forth a boring and frustrating book. Conspiracy theorists who imagine that America pulls puppet-strings throughout the world should be made to read it as punishment.Kaplan quotes British historian Niall Ferguson to the effect that the "[American] empire is as much a reality today as it was throughout the three hundred years when Britain ruled, and made, the modern world". But Kaplan's anecdotes show that America is not an empire, but rather a Gulliverian giant lumbering about after Lilliputian antagonists.
To begin with, the 10,000 or so Special Forces in the US Army are the wrong sort of people: tattooed, tobacco-chewing, iron-pumping Southerners, clever at improvised repairs or minor surgery in the field, and deadly in firefights (although Kaplan never sees one), but without the cultural skills essential to their mission.
They complain incessantly about Washington's stupidity and risk aversion, but humbly accept their orders because they are humble people: the working and lower middle classes of America. "I had not been particularly impressed with the linguistic skills of Green Berets," notes Kaplan. "The United States was more than two years into the war on terrorism. Pashtu should have become a common language by now among the Green Berets assigned to Afghanistan. But with few exceptions, even the counterintelligence officers I met barely spoke the language. The situation was no better in the Pacific; almost everyone I encountered in 1st Group knew some Oriental language or other, but rarely the one needed in the country where he was currently deployed."
One wants to say, paraphrasing Mick (Crocodile) Dundee, "You call that an empire? This is an empire!" I refer of course to the British Empire, which for better or worse has no successor. One example (noted by Sir John Keegan in his 2003 study Intelligence in War) will suffice. No more than 3,000 British officers served in Imperial India at any given time, but they "wore a version of native dress, spoke Indian languages and prided themselves on their immersion in the customs and culture of their soldiers". [...]
Of the pitifully small percentage of Americans who learn the languages of countries in which their country's strategic interests lie, an infinitesimal portion might choose the military as a career.
Therein lies the great difference between America's global police exercise and a true empire. Cultural insularity forms only part of the explanation for America's maladroitness. The other explanation is money. The main object of empire is to loot the colonies and get rich quick. [...]
Ambitious Americans do not head for the oilfields of the Persian Gulf or the emerald mines of Colombia, but to the business or computer science faculties of leading universities. The great fortunes of recent years stem not from overseas trade but from technological fads, mergers and acquisitions, or entertainment. That explains why America's elite has little interest in what Robert Kaplan wrongly imagines to be a nascent empire.
We don't want what they have--we want them to have what we have. Consider it Evangelical Imperialism. Posted by Orrin Judd at October 3, 2005 9:09 AM
Speaking as someone who's been through military language training, most oriental langauges, or Arabic, or Pashtu aren't things you pick up overnight.
They all take at least a year for a student to reach a basic level of competency, a year in which that student can do pretty much nothing (i.e. kill bad guys) other than study that langauge.
Of course, this basic level is the foundation for fluency, which is acquired by contact with natives, which American soldiers are currently getting in spades.
Over the past 40 years there's been no dearth of American GIs fluent in Korean, German, and Japanese. In a couple years time we'll be able to say the same about Arabic, Pashtu, and a couple other languages.
Posted by: H.D. Miller at October 3, 2005 10:05 AMSoldiers are for killing people - as far as I know one doesn't need to speak the language of the enemy to kill them.
Kaplan makes the mistake of assuming our soldiers are our cultural evangelists. They aren't - our businessmen are - and they don't learn arabic or pashtu because they don't have to - Arabs and Pakistanis and Indians and Russians, etc. are desperate to do business with rich Americans.
Posted by: Shelton at October 3, 2005 11:42 AMHD: You've got to acquire some basic language skills to interact with the girls who hang around the front gate...
Posted by: b at October 3, 2005 12:01 PMShelton, Kaplan isn't talking about basic infantry here. He is talking about the Green Berets who are supposed to be counter-insurgency experts who talk with the locals, build up native forces and train them. They need the language skills to do that. If you disagree with Kaplan on this, then you are disagreeing with US military doctrine.
Posted by: Chris Durnell at October 3, 2005 12:23 PMIts much easier for special forces and MI to find native speakers and work through them. They're much cheaper, and nobody cares if they happen to die.
Most of the foreign-language speakers in the military don't even speak with people; they spend most of their time transcribing recordings.
It would be counterproductive for the military to have too many combat soldiers speaking to foreigners. They might find out more than they need to; they might actually sympathize with Middle-Easterners, instead of operating with the prejudice that they are all terrorists.
One of the first steps in conducting every war is to dehumanize the enemy; cultural ignorance accomplishes this.
The fact that most of our soldiers cannot speak the language of those they kill does not disprove any kind of conspiracy theory; if anything, it goes to show how carefully managed our military policies are.
Thats what translators are for -- the US military agrees. Learning a foreign language takes years of practice - by the time our green berets learned arabic they'd be out of Iraq and thousands of miles away traning forces in _______. Its childishness to critique US soldiers for not knowing local languages. They'd have to be Kenneth Hale to be fully prepared for where their carreer might take them.
This is just another juvenile "ugly american" argument topped off with "americans can't handle all this power and its about to come crashing down around them" argument. How long have we heard that one?
Posted by: Shelton at October 3, 2005 2:13 PMShelton
How long have we heard that one? Actually, historically speaking not for that long. And even if it was for a long time, its no reason to dismiss the argument. Just because we aren't in an obvious crisis now (from where your sitting) doesnt mean were not heading for one fast.
If there is no evidence of the coming fall then its a matter of faith. Leftys have faith that the US will collapse under its own hubris - I disagree. Ever since the 20's the left has been warning of the fall of our nation - their cheif contention with the right today is that in spite of all their predictions it was communism and not the American Way that finally came crashing down.
Posted by: Shelton at October 3, 2005 5:47 PMShelton
America's writers were predicting its fall in the late 19th century because they saw the damage that unrestrained capitalism could inflict upon itself and everyone else.
ahhh, another homage to Fukuyama. Well, I guess the Communists must have felt pretty cool too when the Fascists went down.
If you don't see any evidence of possible disaster that American, and the rest of the world, is heading for, then I really can't argue with you, because you must really be purposefully blinds to a lot of things happening in the world.
Posted by: Phil at October 3, 2005 6:10 PMPhil: Ooh, this should be fun. Please give us just a couple of examples--ok, even one--of why America and the rest of the world are headed for an imminent disaster. 'Cuz from where I sit, besides the fact that we've somehow pulled off the trick of being both the world's largest AND most dynamic adaptable economy, and that with practically no effort or expense we have the most powerful military the world has ever dreamed of and getting stronger every day, and that we still attract more immigration than the entire rest of the world, I can't think of a single reason to be optimistic...
Posted by: b at October 3, 2005 6:22 PMb:
I thought he meant they should be killing English-speaking people.
Posted by: oj at October 3, 2005 6:31 PMoj: Maybe he's referring to the impending collapse of the Republic caused by the Harriet Miers nomination?
Posted by: b at October 3, 2005 7:01 PM