March 4, 2007

REDS VS REDS:

Religious surge in China surprises leaders (Howard W. French March 4, 2007, International Herald Tribune)

Qin's story, although unique in its details, has an ending that is fast becoming commonplace, as Chinese by the tens of millions shed decades of state-imposed atheism. The phenomenon has gained momentum so fast that it appears to have taken the government by surprise.

A recent poll by East China Normal University estimated that 31.4 percent of Chinese 16 or older are religious, putting the number of believers at roughly 400 million.

In recent years, official estimates had placed the number of believers at around 100 million, but the fact that the new survey's results were not only made public but were also reported by the government-controlled Chinese news media suggests that the survey has been given at least some official credence. [...]

Official attitudes toward religion have gradually loosened in China in recent years, enabling the resurgence of popular belief. Places of worship for the five officially recognized faiths -- Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam -- have been restored or built anew and public worship has been allowed again amid signs that the government sees limited religiosity as a useful component of its drive to build what it calls a "harmonious society."

Chinese experts say the growing popularity of religious belief has been driven by social crises involving corruption and the expanding gap between rich and poor.

"People feel troubled as they ponder these issues and wonder how they'll be resolved," said Liu Zhongyu, a professor of philosophy at East China Normal University and the principal author of the new religion survey. "People think, I don't care what others do or what their results are, but I want something to rely upon."

Asked about the government's evolving attitudes toward the growing popularity of religion, He Guanghu, a professor of philosophy at People's University in Beijing, said, "I hope the government will look at the zeal in religion positively and see that it can help restore social order and harmony, that it helps governance and is not a threat."


You have to pretty badly misunderstand religion to think it will prop up the Party.

Posted by Orrin Judd at March 4, 2007 3:53 PM
Comments

Religion helps governance, but Communism is not governance, it is violence and terror--it is jailhouse.

Go ahead, comrades, let a thousand flowers bloom is religion. We all know how well that sort of thing worked in THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.

Posted by: Lou Gots at March 4, 2007 4:41 PM

Considering how short a period the Chicoms have ruled China, I think they are seriously underestimating how many believers exist there. '49 to '07 is not enough time to stamp out 1000s of years of faith.

Posted by: Pete at March 4, 2007 5:10 PM

If you read between the lines, they are in effect operating under the Marxist myth that "religion is the opiate of the masses," and simply attempting to "opiate" the masses from the misery.

Let's see how that works out for them.
___

As an aside, I wish intelligent people would stop promoting the nonsense that China is in any way "communist."

They are fascist, and people ought to start saying so.

Posted by: Bruno at March 4, 2007 7:18 PM

Bruno" What they are is Boxer-Leninist. Boxer-Leninism is anti-Western, anti-Christian fanaticism masquerading as Communism. The frustration and ressentment entailed in having born into a surpassed cuvilization had been marshalled by the Communists in Russia as an engine to maintain their regime.

Much of what passed for "Communism" in the 20th Century had little to to with Marxist economics and much to do with racist reaction and xenophobic bigotry.

Posted by: Lou Gots at March 4, 2007 8:28 PM

It takes a surpassing ignorance of fascism to think China fascist.

Posted by: oj at March 4, 2007 11:28 PM

I think Christianity, at any rate, could help, not exactly to prop up the Party exactly, but to ensure a smooth transition. There's a certain tendency towards political quietism in Christianity, the ethos of "turn the other cheek," "My kingdom is not of this world," and "Give unto Caesar what is Caesar's," which could make Christians inclined to acquiesce in being governed by any state that gives them freedom of worship, more or less. Anyway, the Party's legitimacy, what there is of it, comes from a) victory in WWII, and b) China's strong economic performance. The official atheist ideology is not helpful, and to the extent that it needlessly alienates religious people, it's a liability. So all in all, I'd say the spread of religion is neutral for the Party's prospects of staying in power, or possibly slightly positive.

The Soviet Union was a different case. For one thing, in Poland, Catholicism was linked with anti-Russian nationalism. Also, anti-Christianity was always much more central to the Soviet creed than to the Chinese Communists' ideology, since it was a visibly Christian society that the Soviets had overthrown. The Chinese Communists allowed the "Three Self" church to exist: their concern was largely just that Christianity not be allowed to be a tool of foreign imperialism. A reconciliation with religion would not be nearly as much of an ideological climbdown for the Chinese Communists as it would have been for the Soviets.

Posted by: Nathan Smith at March 4, 2007 11:35 PM

I think Christianity, at any rate, could help, not exactly to prop up the Party exactly, but to ensure a smooth transition. There's a certain tendency towards political quietism in Christianity, the ethos of "turn the other cheek," "My kingdom is not of this world," and "Give unto Caesar what is Caesar's," which could make Christians inclined to acquiesce in being governed by any state that gives them freedom of worship, more or less. Anyway, the Party's legitimacy, what there is of it, comes from a) victory in WWII, and b) China's strong economic performance. The official atheist ideology is not helpful, and to the extent that it needlessly alienates religious people, it's a liability. So all in all, I'd say the spread of religion is neutral for the Party's prospects of staying in power, or possibly slightly positive.

The Soviet Union was a different case. For one thing, in Poland, Catholicism was linked with anti-Russian nationalism. Also, anti-Christianity was always much more central to the Soviet creed than to the Chinese Communists' ideology, since it was a visibly Christian society that the Soviets had overthrown. The Chinese Communists allowed the "Three Self" church to exist: their concern was largely just that Christianity not be allowed to be a tool of foreign imperialism. A reconciliation with religion would not be nearly as much of an ideological climbdown for the Chinese Communists as it would have been for the Soviets.

Posted by: Nathan Smith at March 4, 2007 11:37 PM

The Chinese state churches (such as the one Clinton visited in Beijing in 1998, which I attended the following week), are basically pabalum. The government knows that the meteoric rise of materialism has fractured the traditional role of 'spirituality' in Chinese society (whatever that means to a Communist dictatorship). So they encourage some form of non-threatening worship (with strong restrictions on what can be taught - like no eschatology, very little on salvation, and of course none of the Caesar and God differentiation, etc.).

The 'private' churches, while not persecuted as they were under Mao, are nonetheless hounded. The severity of the persecution seems to depends on the local authorities, or on Beijing if a direct threat is felt.

The 'state' churches often denigrate and abuse the home churches. There is a clear separation between them among Chinese Christians, and I don't know if there can be a bridge there. Plus, Beijing tends to conflate Christianity with groups like the Falun Gong, who are seen as directly subversive.

Posted by: jim hamlen at March 5, 2007 12:12 AM

No, China is not fascist. Mr. French's article is generally correct inasmuch as there is more and more religious practices as time marches.

It's becoming common to see young school girls and waitress and secretaries wearing the Christian cross on their necklace.

Surprisingly enough you sometimes see the bible in book stores now.

Posted by: Tom Wall at March 5, 2007 12:15 AM

No, China is not fascist. Mr. French's article is generally correct inasmuch as there is more and more religious practices as time marches.

It's becoming common to see young school girls and waitress and secretaries wearing the Christian cross on their necklace.

Surprisingly enough you sometimes see the bible in book stores now.

Posted by: TEW at March 5, 2007 12:16 AM

Yes, but the Party isn't looking for transition.

Posted by: oj at March 5, 2007 7:46 AM
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