October 25, 2006

BUT TO ACKNOWLEDGE HOW FEEBLE THE NAZIS WERE WOULD DIMINISH US:

Pie in the Sky?: As Battle of Britain Day approaches Brian James has been finding out why some of today’s leading military historians argue that it was not the RAF but the Royal Navy that saved Britain in 1940. (Brian James, September 2006, History Today)

In fact it is almost impossible to come up with a creditable scenario in which a German invasion could have sustained itself so long as the navy existed.

Andrew Gordon says that by September 1940 the German army – which ‘didn’t have a clue how you scale up the technique they used for river-crossings to tackle swift tidal waters’ – now had an excuse, like the navy, to blame the Luftwaffe. It had failed to deliver on Goering’s boast. ‘No great defeat in the air for the RAF?…ah ha! Therefore, sorry, no invasion.’

Why did Hitler go through the motions of assembling barge-fleets and so on? ‘To try to make Churchill be reasonable. Hitler would have offered very easy terms rather than let the fight go on.’ Did Churchill truly believe invasion was possible? ‘He was fairly frank in his books. Part of his defiance was a hook to draw the Americans in. Part was hype to keep the British public behind him. And hype to keep the trade unions quiet – the last six months in 1940 was the only time in WW2 that Churchill had no trouble with trade unions.’

Some historians have always tried to explode the myths surrounding the Battle of Britain, particularly that the RAF was outnumbered. In a detailed account of events (Battle of Britain Day, September 15th, 1940, 1999) Alfred Price pointed out that on that day the RAF twice put around 250 fighters into the air – and still used less than half its available strength, against a Germany that used every fighter it possessed. The losses that day – 56 German (compared with the 185 claimed at the time) against 29 RAF – convinced the Luftwaffe it was not winning. In 1990 Clive Ponting showed that while Britain had 644 fighters against Germany’s 725 at the beginning of the battle, by October superior British production methods had changed the balance in Britain’s favour. But what of the fliers? 30 per cent of our trained pilots, Ponting claimed, were tied down in desk jobs throughout the conflict.

Then why did the myth of outnumbered heroes and a nation about to be swamped take such hold – and resist amendment? Social historian Angus Calder has one answer:

My sister lived through 1940 and she knows that every single day was sunny – no matter what meteorological records say. We had a need for heroes in 1940, the process of myth-building was absolutely necessary – myths are facts which circumstances needed to create. At that time they enabled Britain to feel stronger than it was – producing the men who stopped the Nazis in their tracks. So who now wants to know that the Luftwaffe lost fewer men in fighter aircraft than did the RAF? If it was necessary in 1940 to believe in our military heroes, later it became doubly necessary as our colonies fell away.


The funny thing is that no one believes the patently absurd myth more blindly than we colonials.

Posted by Orrin Judd at October 25, 2006 10:37 AM
Comments

Three years of war, hundreds of millions of dollars (1940's) and tens of thousands of deaths - interesting definition of feeble you got goin' on there.

'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone,' it means just what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less.'

Posted by: Brandon at October 25, 2006 11:34 AM

No years of war. No deaths. The end of the Depression. And the Nazis had reached the end of their rope. They weren't just feeble, they were a boon to America.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 11:46 AM

The Luftwaffe had teh initial advantage before teh war gegan and lost it due to slow production and poor choices (they didn't build 4-engine bombers).

German planes were not as reliable (underpowered, bad gaskets and electrical systems, etc.). Petrol quality was low too.

The Battle was won by Air Marshall Dowling (in some ways) because he chose to build radar stations in 1936 rather than fighter planes. Other British advantages include: they could repair planes at home; longer time on target; personnel that was shot down they got back; British pilots were roughly equal to their German counterparts (Germans have the edge for about one month); and Germany never really understood how the radar system worked.

Sorry for the lengthy post.

Posted by: Bartman at October 25, 2006 11:52 AM

The Battle was won by the Channel.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 11:57 AM

That the Royal Navy was preventing Sea Lion is self-evident. That was the entire reason behind the Battle of Britain - destroy Britain's air cover so the Luftwaffe could bomb the Royal Navy to smithereens. The war in the Pacific proved that airpower will decimate seapower. If the RAF lost control of the air, the Royal Navy would not have saved Britain.

Germany did not need to mount an impressive amphibious invasion. Britain lacked adequate coastal defenses, had lost its heavy weapons at Dunkirk, and was ill supplied (the Home Guard did not even have weapons). Even if there was enough of the Royal Navy able to disrupt supply chains, the Luftwaffe could fly material to captured airfields in this scenario.

One could postulate lots of things to bog up the Wehrmacht, but none could alter that a German landing would have been disastrous and would have emboldened the peace party to cut a deal with Hitler. In any case, it would have neutralized Britain's ability to project power to thwart the Nazis elsewhere.

So how close was the Battle of Britain itself? Close enough that it was plausible that the Germans would win it. That they did not is not proof that they were predestined to lose.

Posted by: Chris Durnell at October 25, 2006 11:59 AM

Believe what you want to believe oj. The channel didn't stop us.

Posted by: Bartman at October 25, 2006 12:10 PM

Bartman:

Bingo!

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 12:39 PM

Chris:

To the contrary, it was never plausible. The Nazis were the ones incapable of projecting power, which is why they just dithered around with a desultory air war. Of course, Hitler didn't care about Britain anyway, so they were never even going to try taking it.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 12:43 PM

It may be the sinus medicine I'm on oj (I'm a little thick most of the time but moreso today), but aren't you saying that if the channell didn't stop us why would it have stopped Hitler? Or did you just contradict your earlier post?

Posted by: Bartman at October 25, 2006 12:46 PM

No. I agreed with your insightful point that the Channel couldn't even slow us but did rather easily stop the Nazis.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 1:03 PM

Ah! Thanks oj. Getting over a bought of flu you understand.

Posted by: Bartman at October 25, 2006 1:55 PM

If there had been Japanese soldiers at Normandy Eisenhower's D-Day invasion would have been a disastrous failure. But they weren't so it succeeded. Nuff said.

Posted by: h-man at October 25, 2006 1:56 PM

Excellent. Finally some clear thing about force projection capability.

Add to this the strategic unreadiness of the Germans is 1939. Fortunately, they were drawn into general war by Poland five years ahead of schedule.

I recall that we had covered this ground not too long ago. Nevertheless, that wonderful British Navy quote is worth revisiting. Apropos a threatened invasion by Napoleon, the head of the Admiralty remarked, "I don't say the French can't come, just that they can't come by sea." In 1940, the Royal Navy checked the invasion, the Luftwaffe treatened to check the Royal Navy, and the RAF checked the Luftwaffe.

Would a few years have made a difference here? We should recall that the first major warship sunk by an air-lauched guided anti-ship missile was a captured Italian Battleship hit be a German rocket after it was turned over to the allies. Perhaps the Germans would have fared better in the channel with squadrons of Me262's coming in at wave-top with ship-killing missiles.

Posted by: Lou Gots at October 25, 2006 2:04 PM

They'd also have needed both a far larger population of Germans and/or a political ideology that wasn't dependent on identity.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 2:10 PM

Just getting back here, and I see that OJ has just wished away all the years of war and treasure that it took to defeat Germany.

The fact that we defeated them soundly did not make them feeble. Unless you understand everyone to be feeble except for us, and that feeble means something other than what most people think it means.

Posted by: Brandon at October 25, 2006 3:42 PM

Didn't take anything to defeat them. They'd lost by the time we got in. They simply weren't a serious threat.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 4:00 PM

h,

The Japanese were on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Didn't make a difference. Why would it have been so at Normandy?

Posted by: jdkelly at October 25, 2006 6:00 PM

By Pacvific war standards, the fire support and command control arrangements for the Normandy landings were poorly thought out. The First Infantry would never have gotten off the beach if it weren't for the destroyers moving in close on their own initiative, and for a lot of uncommon valor at the squad and platoon level on the ground.

Posted by: Mike Morley at October 25, 2006 6:21 PM

By the time Hitler became serious about invading Britain, the window of opportunity had long closed. They needed to start the prep for SeaLion while the invasion of France was ongoing by diverting some of the intheatre airpower to the softening up of Brit airpower and her channel naval forces. Combined with the later futile attacks on British cities, and the concomitant losses of trained pilots, the invasion of Britain was a non-starter from Sept of '40 on. If the Germans could have landed just a single corp of 3 infantry divisions in Sept of 1940, with attendant supply, the UK would have been doomed. An excellent read on a hypothetical invasion of Britain is Invasion by Kenneth Macksey.
http://www.amazon.com/Invasion-Softbound-Greenhill-Military-Paperbacks-Macksey/dp/1853673617/sr=1-1/qid=1161814935/ref=sr_1_1/103-9683282-1550208?ie=UTF8&s=books

Posted by: Pete at October 25, 2006 6:26 PM

There never was a window.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 7:07 PM

Mike:

Sure, but D-Day was just a pointless bone thrown to Stalin anyway.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 7:09 PM

Iwo, Okinawa, Normandy. The guys just got it done. The rest is speculation. And prayers of Thanksgiving. Shiloh...
Gettysburg...Vicksburg...Cold Harbor,...pick your choice.

Not sure about my point, but bless 'em all

Posted by: jdkelly at October 25, 2006 9:00 PM

oj,
Right, there never was a "window".
But, all this apple orange crap about fighters doesn't ring true.
German fighters, superior to what the English had available in quantity, Hurricanes, but inferior to the coming on line Spitfires, were only there to protect the bombers from the Brits.
The fact is they ended up not capabable of doing that, and the British Fighter Command forced the Luftwaffe into non-strategic bombing to the benefit of the Allies.
The whole "fighter vs fighter" is a strawman!
Early WWII fighter use (Battle of Britain) was to, one, protect offensive bomber attacks, and, two, to defend against offensive bomber attacks.
Had the RAF ceded/lost mastery of the skies over England and her Channel, the Royal Navy would have been much more unlikely to have been able to defend against a Channel crossing.
Fortunately, Hitler opened an Eastern Front rather than doing what was required in the West.
This, not the Royal Navy which was incapable of protecting the convoys providing Englands lifeblood,was the saviour of Britain from invasion.
Additionally, British rule, later supplemented by the US, of the skies over England and the Channel is all that allowed Operation Overlord to succeed.
I'm always at a loss to understand those who denigrate the RAF's monumental success. The Royal Navy, it took it's entire Atlantic Fleet to defeat one German "pocket battleship", Bismark, is to be given the garland for the lack of an invasion?

Posted by: Mike Daley at October 25, 2006 9:46 PM

yes, had the Brits not been willing to resist, the Channel not existed, the Germans had a different form of government and not had to maintain control of the continent and fend off the Soviets they could have beat Britain.

Posted by: oj at October 25, 2006 9:53 PM
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