August 22, 2006

NARRATIVE?:

A Faith Divided: Will Sunni-Shia war engulf the new Middle East? (MASOOD FARIVAR, August 22, 2006, Opinion Journal)

In the succession crisis that followed the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, the majority of Muslims elected as caliph one of the Prophet's closest companions. A minority dissented, arguing that the Prophet had passed the leadership of his community to Ali, his cousin and son-in-law. The dissenters became known as "Shiat-Ali," or Partisans of Ali. The followers of Muhammad's "Sunna," or tradition, became known as Sunnis. In time, each side developed what Mr. Nasr calls a distinct "ethos of faith and piety."

The Shia got their wish when Ali became the fourth caliph, but the pivotal moment in Shia history came in 680 when Ali's son Hussein and 72 of his followers were massacred in the desert of southern Iraq after challenging the authority of Islam's sixth caliph. For the Shia, Hussein came to symbolize resistance to tyranny; his martyrdom is commemorated to this day as a central act of Shia piety.

With the exception of a few short-lived Shia dynasties (Iraq is not the first Shia Arab state), the Shia never really wielded political power, living mostly as a marginalized minority under Sunni rule. This historical experience, Mr. Nasr observes, has long imbued the Sunnis with a sense of "worldly success," and a presumption of mastery, while furnishing the Shia underdogs with a narrative of "martyrdom, persecution, and suffering."


Except that in Iran and Iraq they were a marginalized over-whelming majority and in the Lebanon a marginalized plurality, if not majority. Their narrative is ours--majority rule.

Posted by Orrin Judd at August 22, 2006 4:07 PM
Comments

I might grasp that analogy a bit better if they were all taking a boat somewhere to homestead in a new land rather than just spending most of their time trying to figure out how to rid the world of Jews.

Posted by: Peter B at August 22, 2006 5:56 PM

Majority rules? The American narrative is more nuanced than your simplistic majoriatarianism. When it comes to your love affair with Shi'ism you have become a master of simplistic equivocation.

Posted by: Tom C.,Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 6:05 PM

No taxation without representation

Posted by: Ayatollah Khazmati at August 22, 2006 6:13 PM

Peter:

It's their land. They don't need to go anywhere.

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 6:14 PM

Orrin:

It was your analogy, not mine. There are lots of peoples with a narrative of "martyrdom, persecution and suffering." The Balkans are teeming with them. Aboriginal peoples qualify. The Irish made a cottage industry out of it. What exactly would any of that have to do with American foreign policy today?

I think I get your insight about Shia being theoretically more compatible with secular government, but I don't see what difference that makes in 2006 when they are obviously a few wars and internal upheavals away from working it all out. Isn't that a little bit like someone in 16th century Europe saying that, because he thought Protestantism was more theologically compatible with individual freedom and religious pluralism, he was backing Zwingli?

Posted by: Peter B at August 22, 2006 7:09 PM

jizya?

Posted by: Tom C.,Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 7:21 PM

What analogy? The Anglo-American model is based on consensual government but you expect the Shi'a not to insist on the same?

The Catholics didn't get to govern England in perpetuity.

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 7:52 PM

Consensual theocracy. Love it.

Posted by: Tom C.,Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 7:55 PM

Orrin, I'm quite happy to wish the Shia the best of luck in their struggles for justice with the Sunni, but I also think it is important we tell them firmly to take the direct route and not detour through the rest of us.

Posted by: Peter B at August 22, 2006 8:15 PM

Tom:

Worked here and Britain.

Peter:

We're there. They aren't here.

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 8:18 PM

Theocracy? Your comment speaks for itself.

Posted by: Tom C., Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 8:21 PM

Our history speaks for itself:

www.brothersjudd.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/reviews.detail/book_id/1189/

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 8:28 PM

That's a stretch.

Posted by: Tom C., Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 8:34 PM

Of course, because you are all things good and they all things bad. That's how bigotry works.

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 8:42 PM

How does cultural relativism work? Moral equivocation? Seeing the dangers in radical secularism should not rob one of common sense. That which is implied within the the ideology of practical Islam is not beyond your grasp if you would like to understand it.

Posted by: Tom C., Stamford,Ct. at August 22, 2006 10:29 PM

Understand it? I agree with it.

Cultural relativism isn't just the belief that all values are equal, but the belief that a different culture built on much the same values as your own is worthless just because it's not yours. Both are forms of evil.

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 10:52 PM

"We're there. They aren't here".

Spoken (almost) like a true guilt-ridden Upper West Sider.

If the real issue is between the Sunni and the Shi'a, then why doesn't Hezbollah march north tomorrow? They have proven themselves, no?

And why does Ahmadinejad keep going to Indonesia, preaching about the destruction of Israel? Shouldn't he be measuring the drapes in Riyadh?

I understand that the Sunni have treated the Shi'a like dirt for 1400 years, but if the redress is going to include 'detours' through Tel Aviv and Manhattan, then they are going to remain in their minority status in perpetuity. No one here will care what tribe or sect a terrorist is from if he dances over the deaths of thousands of Israelis or Americans.

If the Shi'a want to distinguish themselves, they need to get somebody out front who can make their case. Right now, that somebody ain't Nasrallah, Khameini, Ahmadinejad, Al-Sadr, or even Berri. Perhaps Maliki can do it, but if he winds up being Tehran's puppet, they might as well partition Iraq ASAP.

Posted by: jim hamlen at August 22, 2006 11:55 PM

Detours? Where are they?

Posted by: oj at August 22, 2006 11:59 PM

We need to stop trying to fit Islam into categories established by Western religion and government. This error is particularly egregious in the case of the Sunni/Shia devide.

Some of us insist on calling the devide a "sectarian" issue, and all kinds of analogies are drawn to religious issues within Western religions.

Every book and article treating with the devide holds out hope that these supposed religious of theological distinctions are going to be laid out, and every time we study these sources, the hope is dashed. The Farivar article is no help. We will await the Nasr book, but the hope is fading fast.

Notice that the very name for the Shiites come from an expression for the "partisans of Ali"--not the followers, not the diciples, not the adherents, but the partisans of Ali.

Now this "Shia revival" is a very good thing, if only to maximize the contradictions of the spiritual jailhouse--confusion to the enemy, and all that. Chaos on the other side is a very good thing. Let them chew on each other for a while, have a good gang war ovewr who is to be capo di tutti capi, while communication technololy enlightens the inmates of the jailhouse concerning better ways to think and act.

Posted by: Lou Gots at August 23, 2006 10:49 AM

Islam is a Western religion.

Posted by: oj at August 23, 2006 12:25 PM

If the culture of desert Arabs is western. Words are meaningless, social constructs. Tools of the dominant class.

Posted by: Tom C.,Stamford,Ct. at August 23, 2006 10:57 PM

Christ and Moses were strangers to the desert, eh? You feel such a need to be better than them you can't even face what you are.

Posted by: oj at August 23, 2006 11:00 PM
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