May 24, 2005

EVEN DARWINISM HATES DARWINISTS:

Survival of the Metaphysically Fittest: If scientific naturalism is correct, then the scientific naturalist is on the brink of extinction. (John D. Martin, Crux)

Throughout the 1990s, scientific studies of religious communities began to deliver solid evidence that religious belief has significant benefits for believers in terms of health and longevity, as well as reproductivity. When the findings of these studies were made public, they received widespread notice in the United States press, appearing in national newspapers too numerous to list, on the broadcasts of CNN, and eventually in the pages of monthly magazines such as Christianity Today. Pastors around the country copied the newspaper and magazine articles that announced the beneficial influence of religious belief on health and dutifully pasted them on their local church bulletin boards. Chuck Colson reported the findings in his Breakpoint radio broadcast as evidence of the inherently religious nature of human beings, suggesting that the healthy effects of any kind of religious belief pointed to a human need to acknowledge and worship the Creator, however imperfectly this worship might be expressed. At the turn of the century, word on the street was that religious belief could positively impact your health.

Perhaps the best-known research into the religion/health connection is that of Dr. Harold Koenig of Duke University, who demonstrated a statistical increase in health and a decrease in mortality among those of his patients suffering from chronic or life-threatening illnesses who also professed strong religious convictions. Criticism of these studies done by a medical scholar at Stanford University in 1999 made the valid point that the studies' findings may demonstrate only that religious beliefs have beneficial effects on patients' frames of mind by promoting optimism, hope, and moral attitudes that foster healthy behavior. Even so, the benefits of religious belief on health remained unchallenged by the Stanford research review, and that review eventually did away with the possibility that the benefits of religion in decreasing patient mortality could have been a statistical illusion. The effect, the review concluded, was real. In a 2001 editorial for the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Dr. Koenig reaffirmed his earlier findings on the importance of religion as a factor that can affect the outcome of patient care. Those in the medical profession, and in the general populace, who are of a non-religious persuasion found these findings startling, to put it mildly.

Less startling, perhaps even expected, are the findings that religious persons of all types tend to have larger and more stable families. This data comes to us from census figures and population studies done around the year 2000, the results of which have been published in various social science journals in the past two years. In the article from which the quotation at the start of this essay was drawn, Stanley Kurtz discussed four recent books that drew on the same population data and reached the same conclusion: without a return of the traditional family—or some other, more disturbing development (like, for example, eugenic fetus-farming)—that would restore fertility rates to pre-1972 levels, the human race is headed for a population implosion. One important observation contained in the research of the authors Kurtz reviewed in his article is that those nations where the birth rate has fallen beneath the replacement rate are, not coincidentally, those nations where traditional religious beliefs have declined the most severely and been replaced by some form of philosophical materialism (the idea that nothing exists beyond physical matter). Throughout the industrialized world, exceptions to the decline in population are found only in strongly religious communities. The modern “advanced” nations have, in their acceptance of a materialist perspective on reality, embraced a philosophy that actually dooms them to extinction.

In a related vein, the results of long-term studies on family stability published since the turn of the century indicate that religious belief and participation in a faith community significantly contribute to family stability. Children raised in religious households not only have fewer psycho-social pathologies, such as suicide, substance abuse, and violent behavior, they also exhibit a higher proportion of socially beneficial behaviors, such as charitable giving, establishing strong friendships, and volunteerism. This last point also has a number of public policy implications. Recent studies linking the decline in charitable giving in the U.K., the Netherlands, and Canada to the decline in religious belief have raised concern for the future of charitable giving of all kinds. A religious upbringing, the data clearly indicates, produces people who are not only better able to survive in human society, but who are more likely to contribute to the well-being of others. The decline in religious belief will mean, in the long term, that the human race will be fewer in number, psychologically and physically weaker, and less prone to help each other out.

Such studies have rather grim implications for the atheists of the world. To put it as bluntly as possible, non-religious persons, in purely evolutionary terms, experience a significant selection disadvantage in terms of longevity and reproductive success. The irreligious live shorter lives, less healthy lives, produce fewer offspring, and provide less stable, less healthy family environments for those offspring. If, in evolutionary terms, reproductive success is all that "matters"—and, strictly speaking, reproductive success is all that can matter in evolution, since it means the difference between survival and extinction—then the evidence indicates that religious believers of all sorts enjoy a very significant selection advantage over non-religious persons.


The final irony of Darwinism is that even in its own context it's a maladaption.

Posted by Orrin Judd at May 24, 2005 12:00 AM
Comments

Religious people can accept the theory of evolution just fine.

Posted by: creeper at May 24, 2005 9:44 AM

Indeed, it's required.

Posted by: oj at May 24, 2005 9:48 AM

Spencer, Herberrt Spencer. This or that social institution has survival value. While the change--real progress, BTW--which results from the competition between social systems has biological consequences in that some people live and some die, the process is cultural, not biological. Of course religion has survival value, even beyond tha observed above. Religion allows for minimal state coercion and thus contributes to more real progress, as we find in the case of the United States Constitution..

Posted by: Lou Gots at May 24, 2005 11:15 AM

If it's required that religious people accept the theory of evolution, then you really should get with the program, Orrin.

Or did you just misunderstand 'theory of evolution'?

Posted by: creeper at May 24, 2005 12:44 PM

Accepting the theory is a relgious act.

Posted by: oj at May 24, 2005 2:18 PM

Does this mean you've already retreated to your "we don't even know we exist, and to think that is to be religious" position?

My, that was a fast one.

Not that it makes much sense. While you may think that accepting the theory of evolution is a religious act (thus indicating you've seriously misunderstood 'theory of evolution'), the reverse is obviously not necessarily true - simply being religious does not require you to accept the theory of evolution.

Posted by: creeper at May 24, 2005 2:59 PM

Yes, the reverse is obviously not true. There are different religions. Darwinism is just one.

Posted by: oj at May 24, 2005 4:08 PM

No place is more religious than India, and I wouldn't want to enjoy their health standards.

Orrin is just being obtuse on purpose, because he knows he cannot make sense.

You can change your opinion about religion. It is not under darwinian selection.

Posted by: Harry Eagar at May 24, 2005 6:33 PM

Harry:

Yes, their religion, like yours, is wrong.

Posted by: oj at May 24, 2005 6:45 PM

There's a difference between evolution (which does not necessarily conflict with theistic religious faith) and Dawkin's evolutionism (which does).

http://www.thecatholicfaith.com/Teachings/evolution.htm

Posted by: ted welter at May 24, 2005 7:33 PM

You're saying God intervenes in the individual lives of those who believe in him?

So how do you explain the numerous instances in which vociferous believers in him get diseases and die early?

I've already outlived lots of Christians I started out with.

The indecency of your position is obvious to everyone but you.

Posted by: Harry Eagar at May 25, 2005 2:27 PM

Harry:

No, He doesn't. The point is that you behave as He commanded.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 2:30 PM

How many religious people perished in the tsunami disaster?

Incidentally - note that the article does not distinguish between different kinds of religiosity, merely between religious people and atheists. There's only one kind of 'wrong religion' according to the perspective of the author, and that is the absence of one.

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 5:24 PM

"The point is that you behave as He commanded."

That's a potentially very interesting point, Orrin: did you mean by this that since Harry behaved in a more Christian way than the 'Christians' he knew, he has received the Lord's favor by being allowed to live longer?

Or did you mean that Harry and the other Christians behaved as the Lord preordained, and therefore didn't really have free will?

Or something else?

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 5:28 PM

Yes, at a minmum you're better off being religious than not. But the religions aren't equal either.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 5:30 PM

Incidentally, even though I don't believe in the existence of a god as defined by the major religions (as it does require some rather astounding just-so stories to accomplish this), I am not anti-religion, except for certain strains of fundamentalism/extremism.

Religion is beneficial on a local/community level, from everything I've seen, and I genuinely don't have a problem with that. The fact that some aspects of religion are beneficial is hardly a coincidence, since the tried and tested rules of the community resulted in and were encoded in religious rules - not the other way around.

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 5:39 PM

creeper:

Yes, Harry like most Americans is a completely conformist Judeo-Christian. That he can' derive the morality that he follows independently matters little so long as he obeys.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 5:43 PM

Orrin,

In upbringing and behavior I'm pretty much a "completely conformist Judeo-Christian" too; I just find the notion of the Great Father Figure in the sky to be absurd for words - there can be no omnipotent, omnipresent, benevolent being in the same universe as us. You've been happy to remove all those qualities one by one, but then what are you defending, and whom is it you worship?

I certainly don't understand your pride in your morality when you jettison honesty at the drop of a hat. Taking those actions should certainly give you a hint that you should re-evaluate your perspective.

As for the morality we obey - it grew out of tried and tested rules of the community and effectively encoded them.

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 5:53 PM

No, it Created that community.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 5:55 PM

"Religion is beneficial on a local/community level, from everything I've seen"

A bit of a sweeping statement - I suppose I should make that "Religion can be beneficial"...

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 5:57 PM

"No, it Created that community."

Either interpretation is plausible.

Unless by "it" you mean an "omnipotent, omnipresent, benevolent being" that is still around today.

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 6:00 PM

He gave us the dignity that is the sole basis for the morality--the rest follows.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 6:16 PM

Does a whale have dignity?

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 6:19 PM

No.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 6:36 PM

Why not?

Posted by: creeper at May 25, 2005 6:40 PM

It's not made in the Imago Dei. We're given dominion over it, as we are not over each other. But it's part of God's Creation so we oughtn't be profligate with its life.

Posted by: oj at May 25, 2005 8:19 PM

How do we know what God looks like?

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 4:57 AM

We don't.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 7:12 AM

Then how do we know we're made in his image?

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 8:33 AM

He told us. But Image doesn't seem to mean that we look like Him.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 8:36 AM

"He told us."

Either that or some folks who felt like ascribing god-like qualities to themselves made up a god that was just like them.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 8:42 AM

God isn't just like us.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 8:47 AM

If we were made in his Image, in what ways is He different, and in what ways is He similar?

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 9:02 AM

He too has Free Will but He's capable of not choosing evil. We aren't. He is eternal, but denied us eternal life because without such a moral sense we're unworthy of it.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 9:09 AM

"He's capable of not choosing evil. We aren't."

Does that mean we have to choose evil?

"He is eternal, but denied us eternal life because without such a moral sense we're unworthy of it."

I see - so we have dignity that makes us better than the beast, but God also made us so we must choose evil, and because He did that, He had to give us a limited shelflife.

It's one way of looking at it, I suppose...

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 9:16 AM

He made us so that we can choose Evil and because we're human -- merely made in His Image not Him -- we do choose Evil. All of us. We'll grow up eventually, but we're still just as children.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 9:20 AM

I don't choose Evil. I always root for the guy in the white hat.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 9:23 AM

Yes. You Harry, Jeff, etc. always insdst you're without sin.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 10:29 AM

Sin? I thought we were talking about Evil.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 10:57 AM

That's what sin is, choosing to do evil.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 11:51 AM

Well I guess then I am without sin. Cool!

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 12:08 PM

Yes, all you guys think so. It's why you're so dangerous.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 12:11 PM

So if I choose to do evil, I'm not dangerous, but if I don't, I am. Curiouser and curiouser.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 12:13 PM

no, it's the belief that you don't choose to.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 12:16 PM

Which moral laws am I transgressing?

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 12:21 PM

There's only one--to love your fellow men as God loves you. We all transgress it every day.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 12:25 PM

Oh I love my fellow men plenty, and women too, believe me.

Sounds like an elaborate ploy to impose guilt on one and all. I suppose it's useful as a way of controlling communities at some level.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 12:28 PM

Exactly. And Darwinism is just a way of assuaging your guilt. It's not science, just a competing religion. The argument is just about aesthetics and the kind of world you choose.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 12:36 PM

"And Darwinism is just a way of assuaging your guilt."

What guilt? You assume guilt as the starting point.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 12:48 PM

No, I assume Creation as the starting point. Evilddoing is the starting point for Darwinism.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 1:12 PM

Struggle for survival is the starting point for Darwinism.

Perhaps I expressed myself unclearly in my previous comment. What I meant to say was that you assume guilt as the given starting point of each individual, not something on a historical scale.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 3:26 PM

Yes, and giving yourself an excuse for whatever you do in your own pursuit of "survival". It's just about escaping moral responsibility.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 3:33 PM

Moral responsibility is merely the natural consequence of what has been figured out to be best for us to survive socially, in communities. It was worked out over generations and eventually codified in laws and religions.

Since the only moral law I appear to be transgressing is not loving my fellow men as much as some speculative supernatural being, I reckon I don't need to fish around for excuses. It's not like I'm going to stick a knife in someone's back (literally or otherwise) and claim that I had to do it to survive.

Posted by: creeper at May 26, 2005 3:59 PM

Bingo!

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 4:47 PM

Uh, I am not conforming to Judeo-Christianity.

My profession did not exist prior to secularism, for example. Could not have.

Orrin, you've got it upside down. To the extent that Christianity is decent and humane, it learned that from secularists.

Before there were secularists, it was neither decent nor humane.

Posted by: Harry Eagar at May 26, 2005 4:55 PM

Harry:

It is the hilarious claim of your lot that you can arrive at Judeo-Christian morality without God, though that leaves you with no coherent reason why you desire the morality in the first place. But relax, there's plenty of room for freeloaders.

Posted by: oj at May 26, 2005 5:05 PM

"It is the hilarious claim of your lot that you can arrive at Judeo-Christian morality without God, though that leaves you with no coherent reason why you desire the morality in the first place."

Because it is quite simply an effective way for a community to function. Adding a speculative mysterious authority figure and promises and threats of hypothetical rewards and punishments in the afterlife are also effective for some, but are not neccessary as added incentive for all.

"Bingo!"

Glad you've come to agree with me.

Posted by: creeper at May 27, 2005 1:17 AM

I haven't arrived at Judeo-Christian morality and hope I never sink so low.

Posted by: Harry Eagar at May 27, 2005 4:45 PM

Harry:

Of course you can't derive it without God, but you protest that youy follow it. That's good enough.

Posted by: oj at May 27, 2005 4:48 PM
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