October 15, 2004
YOU BET, IT'S THE WELFARE SYSTEM...:
(via Rick Perlstein):
Nordic Countries Come Out Near the Top in Two Business Surveys (ELIZABETH BECKER, 10/14/04, NY Times)
Forget the stereotypes about Nordic socialism and how its high taxes and expensive public health care systems are destroying private enterprise.In two reports, the Nordic countries bested some of the world's hottest economies. The countries dominate the top ranks of a list of most competitive economies in the world, and a new report of the best places to do business.
In the annual global competitiveness rankings of the World Economic Forum, released on Wednesday, Finland was the world's most competitive economy, and Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland were 3rd, 5th, 6th and 10th, respectively.
In the "Doing Business'' report, released by the World Bank, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were ranked near the top as well. The United States was ranked N0. 2 on both lists.
So why don't people automatically mention Denmark and Finland when conversations turn to development success stories or good financial bets?
"It's that old myth that social protection requires more business regulations and hurts business," said Caralee McLeish, an author of the World Bank survey. "In fact, we found that social protection is good for business, it takes the burden off of businesses for health care costs and ensures a well-trained and educated work force.''
The World Economic Forum came up with the same answer, though it was couched in lingo.
"The Nordic countries are characterized by excellent macroeconomic management over all - they are all running budget surpluses - they have extremely low levels of corruption, with their firms operating in a legal environment in which there is widespread respect for contracts and the rule of law, and their private sectors are on the forefront of technological innovation,'' said Augusto Lopez-Claros, director of the global competitiveness program at the World Economic Forum.
Unless you head into the process hoping to vindicate welfare, the things that stand out most about these countries concern their populations: small, homogeneous, and Lutheran:
Overall Population: 5.4 million
Ethnicity:
Literacy: 100%
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 95%
Overall Population: 5.2 million
Ethnicity: 93% Finn
Literacy: 100%
Religion: 89% Evangelical Lutheran
Overall Population: 294 thousand
Ethnicity: homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%
Literacy: 99.9%
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 87.1%
Overall Population: 4.5 million
Ethnicity: 99% Norwegian
Literacy: 100%
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 86%
Overall Population: 9 million
Ethnicity:
Literacy: 99%
Religion: Lutheran 87%
The similarities are so pronounced as to make any other factors probably quite secondary. Meanwhile, note the most significant departure from this template:
Overall Population: 293 million
Ethnicity: white 77.1%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1.5%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.3%, other 4% (2000)
note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin American descent (including persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin) living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.)
Literacy: 97%
Religion: Protestant 56%, Roman Catholic 28%, Jewish 2%, other 4%, none 10%
MORE:
Here are a few others for comparison, note that the Asians nations are small, homogeneous or both and then check out the land of Luther which, significantly, isn't Lutheran:
Taiwan
Overall Population: 28 million
Ethnicity:
Literacy:
Religion:
Overall Population: 4.3 million
Ethnicity:
Literacy:
Religion:
Overall Population: 127 million
Ethnicity: 99% Japanese
Literacy: 99%
Religion: observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%
Overall Population: 82 million
Ethnicity: 91% German
Literacy: 97%
Religion: Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
Posted by Orrin Judd at October 15, 2004 7:15 PMMakes me laugh. For example, here's an excerpt regarding Norway's well-being:
"The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices, with oil and gas accounting for one-third of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export more oil than Norway."
In other words, subtract oil and Norway's a basket case.
Posted by: Bret at October 15, 2004 7:45 PMI recall Milton Friedman's response to the person who claimed: "We have no poverty in Sweden!"
"We have no poverty among Swedish-Americans, either."
A couple years back, I sent a Swedish friend into a tizzy by forwarding her an article that showed that African-Americans had a higher per-capita income than Swedes.
It's even worse now.
So, in conclusion, good for business, bad for individuals.
Posted by: H.D. Miller at October 15, 2004 8:53 PMHD- Especially if your business is government.
Posted by: at October 15, 2004 11:56 PMThe Nordic nations do have one thing going for them, and that is their lack of corruption. The governments are intrusive, the taxes over-bearing but the officials are as honest as officials can be.
If we gave a Jersey City alderman the power of his Helsinki counterpart, he'd make Edwin Edwards look like St Francis of Assisi.
Posted by: Bart at October 16, 2004 6:57 AMI'd like to see them report on how easy it is for a racial minority to set up and run a business in one of these countries. When you are as racially homogenous and small as these countries are, you are basically a large extended family. People of like heritage, genetics and culture trust each other to make decisions for them. Social conformity is high because you are basically conforming to values that are already deeply culturally ingrained in you. It's a nice comfy little fish bowl, if you can find it. It doesn't scale, however.
Posted by: Robert Duquette at October 16, 2004 7:39 AMI'll bet if you judged alignments by weekly church attendance instead of asking how people labeled themselves, Germany's Christian population would be almost non-existent.
Posted by: JimGooding at October 16, 2004 10:19 AMNothing is a function of their Lutheranism. These countries are thoroughly secularist. Labels are meaningless.
Posted by: GG at October 16, 2004 10:51 AMRobert,
Israel can be a real nightmare to do business in for American Jews. Someone I know, who returned to where he was born in Ireland to start a business similar to one which made him several million dollars in the States, found it practically impossible to dig through nightmarish regulation to do business.
OJ,
I think it goes beyond Lutheranism. East Germany is certainly Lutheran and the Treuhandschaft has been a boondoggle of Chicagoesque proportions.
Posted by: Bart at October 16, 2004 11:12 AMThey are honest, conscious of the need to compete internationally, politically cohesive (compared to the rest of Europe) and they work hard. Without the statist superstructure and tax levels, they would all be Singapores with resources. They obviously can't continue (except maybe Norway) but I'll bet they adjust easier than the rest of Europe.
They are also actually very conservative in spirit. It is only when they look beyond their borders that they lose all their marbles.
Posted by: Peter B at October 16, 2004 12:52 PMA retired engineer in Oslo told me that Norway's oil wealth ruined their shipbuilding industry. You need skilled tradesmen -- welders, pipefitters, etc. -- for the oil platforms, but the government imposed a quota limiting the number of non-native workers who could be hired.
So the oil exploration companies outbid the shipbuilders and hired away all their skilled labor. Result: the shipbuilders found themselves bereft of the people to do the work.
Posted by: Eugene S. at October 16, 2004 2:09 PMU.S. literacy 97%?
That can't be right. We've been assured the school system here doesn't work.
Posted by: Harry Eagar at October 16, 2004 3:03 PMHarry,
The standard for literacy in such surveys is a very low one.
OJ,
The statist aspects of Lutheranism predate the DDR by about 3/4 of a century. The Kaiser's chaplain, Stoecker, was one of the founders of Christian Democracy, a movement that can best be described as socialism combined with religious zealotry and a disregard for civil liberties.
The Lutheran clergy, as do many clerics of state religions, saw the rise of an educated, affluent middle class as a threat to their monopoly over learning, and consequently as a threat to their status in society. Whether it is mainline Protestant, Catholic and Jewish prelates in the States or Christian Democrats all over the world, now that the Soviet Union is dead, they see their main foe as the high-tech, innovative sectors of society, IOW people who work for a living and are creative.
Posted by: Bart at October 16, 2004 4:47 PMBart:
Yes, religious zealotry is a healthy thing. States oppose it.
Posted by: oj at October 16, 2004 4:52 PMChristian Democracy is religious zealotry combined with statism. Religion is correctly a matter of individual conscience not a matter for government to legislate.
Posted by: Bart at October 16, 2004 5:24 PMAll legislation is based on religious values.
Posted by: oj at October 16, 2004 5:33 PMChristian Democracy is what created a stable German democracy and the German economic miracle. It is more statist than what would be found in America, but Germany has always had a strong socialist tradition. They simply reflect their country. Chancellor Adenauer and Economics Minister Erhard proposed reforms of the German economy that were initially thought not statist enough by the experts - but this was the era where people thought socialist Tanzania had more future prospects than S Korea.
Posted by: Chris Durnell at October 18, 2004 1:04 PM