December 9, 2003
SEEING THE END
Statesmanship and its Betrayal (Mark Helprin, April 1998, Imprimis)
They say, as we are still standing, and a chicken is in the pot, what does it matter if I break the links between action and consequence, work and reward, crime and punishment, merit and advancement? I myself cannot imagine a military threat (and never could), so what does it matter if I shut the silo hatches on our ballistic missile submarines? What does it matter if I weld shut my eyes to weapons of mass destruction in the hands of lunatics who are building long-range missiles? Our jurisprudence is the envy of the world, so what does it matter if, now and then, I perjure myself, a little? What is an oath? What is a pledge? What is a sacred trust? Are not these things the province of the kinds of people who were foolish enough to do without all their lives, to wear the ruts into the Oregon Trail, to brave the seas, to die on the beaches of Normandy and Iwo Jima and on the battlefields of Shiloh and Vietnam, for me, so that I can draw from America's great accounts, and look good, and be presidential, and have fun, in all kinds of ways?That is what they say, if not in words then, indelibly, in actions. They who, in robbing Peter to pay Paul, present themselves as payers and forget that they are also robbers. They who, with studied compassion, minister to some of us at the expense of others. They who make goodness and charity a public profession, depending for their election upon a well-manured embrace of these things and the power to move them not from within themselves or by their own sacrifices but, by compulsion, from others. They who, knowing very little or next to nothing, take pride in eagerly telling everyone else what to do. They who believe absolutely in their recitation of pieties not because they believe in the pieties but because they believe in themselves.
Nearly four hundred years of America's hard-earned accounts-the principles we established, the battles we fought, the morals we upheld for century after century, our very humility before God-now flow promiscuously through our hands, like blood onto sand, squandered and laid waste by a generation that imagines history to have been but a prelude for what it would accomplish. More than a pity, more than a shame, it is despicable. And yet, this parlous condition, this agony of weak men, this betrayal and this disgusting show are not the end of things.
Principles are eternal. They stem not from our resolution or lack of it but from elsewhere where, in patient and infinite ranks, they simply wait to be called. They can be read in history. They arise as if of their own accord when in the face of danger natural courage comes into play and honor and defiance are born. Things such as courage and honor are the mortal equivalent of certain laws written throughout the universe. The rules of symmetry and proportion, the laws of physics, the perfection of mathematics, even the principle of uncertainty, are encouragement, entirely independent of the vagaries of human will, that not only natural law but our own best aspirations have a life of their own. They have lasted through far greater abuse than abuses them now. They can be neglected, but they cannot be lost. They can be thrown down, but they cannot be broken.
Each of them is a different expression of a single quality, from which each arises in its hour of need. Some come to the fore as others stay back, and then, with changing circumstance, those that have gone unnoticed rise to the occasion.
Rise to the occasion. The principle suggests itself from a phrase, and such principles suggest easily and flow generously. You can grab them out of the air, from phrases, from memories, from images.
A statesman must rise to the occasion. [...]
The statesman, who is different from everyone else, will, in the midst of common despair, see the end of war, just as during the peace he was alive to the inevitability of war, and saw it coming in the far distance, as if it were a gray wave moving quietly across a dark sea.
The politician will revel with his people and enjoy their enjoyments. The statesman, in continual stress of soul, will think of destruction. As others move in the light, he will move in darkness, so that as others move in darkness be may move in the light. This tenacity, that is given to those of long and insistent vision, is what saves nations.
A statesman must have a temperament that is suited for the Medal of Honor, in a soul that is unafraid to die. Electorates rightly favor those who have endured combat, not as a matter of reward for service, as is commonly believed, but because the willingness of a soldier to give his life is a strong sign of his correct priorities, and that in future he will truly understand that statesmen are not rulers but servants. It seems clear even in these years of squalid degradation that having risked death for the sake of honor is better than having risked dishonor for the sake of life.
No matter what you are told by the sophisticated classes that see virtue in every form of corruption and corruption in every form of virtue, I think you know as I do, that the American people hunger for acts of integrity and courage. The American people hunger for a statesman magnetized by the truth, unwilling to give up his good name, uninterested in calculation only for the sake of victory, unable to put his interests before those of the nation. What this means in practical terms is no focus groups, no polls, no triangulation, no evasion, no broken promises, and no lies. These are the tools of the chameleon. They are employed to cheat the American people of honest answers to direct questions. If the average politician, for fear that be may lose something, is incapable of even a genuine yes or no, how is be supposed to rise to the great occasions of state? How is he supposed to face a destructive and implacable enemy? How is he supposed to understand the rightful destiny of his country, and lead it there?
One of the things that Mr. Helprin mentions is that which separates great leaders--Washington, Lincoln, Reagan, George W. Bush--from mediocre: it is the capacity to envision the world after trhe war. Mediocre men, like FDR, just want to defeat a given enemy--in his case the Nazis. Their lack of vision blinds them to the ultimate failure this may represent--in his case saving and expanding the USSR.
Herein lies the importance of Mr. Bush's call for the democratization of the Islamic world. While many are obsessed with the rather minor details of the post-war in Iraq, his sights are set on the bigger picture.
Posted by Orrin Judd at December 9, 2003 8:15 AMNever miss an opportunity to thwack FDR, eh? The polemic, in this case, disappoints...
Since in this case, it's not entirely fair. Yes, I'm talking about the UN (gasp!), which was supposed to work a bit differently than it eventually did. But it did work, at least for a while (even given the built-in problem posed by the USSR and China). Despite these structural weaknesses, no one really envisaged that it would be taken over by rogue tyrannies, even if perhaps the thought could have occurred to them, war weary as they were at the time....
There was vision there; but visions have this tendency to go stale, to not change with the times.
Which is what makes the US Constitution such an impressive blueprint. Alas, the UN seems not to have such a corrective mechanism. And may well be a dinosaur unless something is done.
Four Freedoms speech
Atlantic Charter
Bretton Woods
GATT
Of the five Presidents mentioned, only FDR left an institutional legacy for the post-war world. He was talking about it even before the US entered the war, and before he died there was already policies in place to achieve his ends.
Lincoln was shot before he could do so and his successors botched Reconstruction. Washington wasn't a political leader when he was leading in the field, although he deserves great credit for his role in the post-Revolutionary period. Although Reagan deserves credit for rallying the nation and driving the stake in the heart of Communism, it was a continuation of American policy from 1948-68, not something new.
And as for GWB, he has not built a sufficient infrastracture to achieve his long-term vision nor convinced allies to support his parallel world order. Too much depends on him personally to see it through.
Posted by: Chris Durnell at December 9, 2003 10:58 AMYes, I would accuse FDR of an excess rather than a lack of vision, at least when domestic policy is brought into the mix.
Posted by: Jason Johnson at December 9, 2003 10:59 AMFDR institutionalized a world half communist.
Posted by: oj at December 9, 2003 11:23 AMBarry:
Robert Taft, though a supporter of a world body, foresaw that the UN couldn't work because of its structural flaws.
Posted by: oj at December 9, 2003 11:25 AMBarry:
"Despite these structural weaknesses, no one really envisaged that it would be taken over by rogue tyrannies..."
No one except Uncle Joe [Stalin]. The head of the American delegation to the charter conference in San Fransico (appointed by FDR) was a member of the ComIntern. Poor FDR could never believe Uncle Joe posed a serious threat - after all, we were bosom allies in the great war. There was never anything Stalin could do which was so bad that FDR could not excuse or rationalize away. He was one of Stalin's "useful idiots" in the west.
Posted by: jd watson at December 9, 2003 1:08 PMFDR did not institutionalize communism. Soviet ground troops did, and that was because the Red Army was marching west. Was FDR supposed to tell him, stop moving your army?
Stalin broke his promises at Yalta. FDR did not give him anything the Red Army did not already occupy.
The UN was seen very early on as a very pro-US organization because we could line up the votes of many countries such as Latin America. It was not until Stalin saw what a mistake ignoring the UN was in Korea, and the "liberation movements" in Europe's colonies that the UN became useless.
Posted by: Chris Durnell at December 9, 2003 6:27 PMTruman told Stalin to get his army out of Iran or he would drop the bomb on them. The Soviets left.
Posted by: jim hamlen at December 9, 2003 11:47 PMThe UN became a very different institution when it grew to over 100 member states.
FDR desired the end of colonialism. It's not clear to me if he gave any thought to what that would mean. In any case, I don't know of anyone who predicted what it did mean, though plenty tried.
Posted by: Harry Eagar at December 10, 2003 11:52 PMEnd colonialism? He gave Stalin all of Eastern Europe.
Posted by: oj at December 11, 2003 12:54 AMIt was never his to give.
Posted by: Harry Eagar at December 11, 2003 2:24 AMWhich makes his doing so especially appalling.
Posted by: oj at December 11, 2003 8:20 AM